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Inside modern P. hemioliopterus the brand new associated main region of the head rooftop is virtually entirely ornamented because of the reticulating ridges and you will pits, having partners if any elongate, synchronous ridges and you may sulci ( Fig. 4a). Regarding the Acre Phractocephalus the fresh main section of the skull roof has many elongate ridges and you can sulci together with reticulating ridges and you can pits.

This new lateral ethmoid bone off P

2) Mesethmoid bone very large ( Dining table 1); dorsal epidermis commonly ornamented; prior boundary hardly emarginate to help you gently rounded ( Fig. 3a).

The latest mesethmoid bones from P. hemioliopterus is fairly slim-necked, less commonly ornamented simply centrally and posteriorly, and its prior line is actually emarginate or shallowly concave ( Fig. 4a). nassi.

3) Horizontal ethmoid perhaps not a lot of projecting anteriorly over palatine condyle; the lateral margin convex and you will removing orbital notch to the margin out-of skull rooftop ( Fig. 3a).

hemioliopterus is additionally perhaps not extreme projecting anteriorly over the olfactory part or palatine condyle; but it is concave sideways, and also a highly discussed orbital sulcus on margin from head roof ( Fig. 4a). Regarding Acre Phractocephalus the latest lateral ethmoid tactics much anteriorly over new olfactory part and you will palatine condyle; it is convex laterally, reducing the brand new orbital sulcus toward margin out of skull roof.

Modern P. hemioliopterus keeps an unbarred anterior cranial fontanelle in this a popular despair of epiphyseal region ( Fig. 4a), whereas in the Acre Phractocephalus the new fontanelle and you may despair of the epiphyseal area lack.

5) Supraoccipital process with game horizontal and you may posterolateral margins, rear margin concave medially; supraoccipital process much time, during the dorsal evaluate completely coating modified prior backbone out of Weberian advanced ( Fig. 3a).

The newest opercle P

During the modern P. hemioliopterus new supraoccipital procedure try small, during the dorsal have a look at not totally level changed spinal vertebrae from Weberian cutting-edge; this has angular horizontal and you may posterolateral margins, as well as rear margin is irregular so you’re able to concave medially and you can bearing a deep unornamented expansion below anterior nuchal dish ( Fig. 4a). Regarding the Acre Phractocephalus brand new supraoccipital techniques is much time, completely since the Weberian complex; its process enjoys angular corners and you may upright horizontal margins, and its own posterior ented expansion below anterior nuchal dish.

hemioliopterus is incompletely covered with reticulating ridges and you will pits ( Fig. 5c). The newest opercle is actually up until now unknown on Acre Phractocephalus.

7) Cleithrum which have coarse ornamentation extending together ventral boundary forming external fat or «shoulder» lateral so you can lower back articulation; fat of «shoulder» terminating posteriorly, prior to cancellation out-of articular socket away from pectoral back ( Figs. 5e-g).

Brand new cleithrum off P. hemioliopterus lacks rough ornamentation together ventral side of «shoulder,» and also the lateral fat regarding «shoulder» terminates rear to the point out of articular socket out-of pectoral spine ( Figs. 5i, j). Zero cleithrum of Acre Phractocephalus has been discovered.

8) Pectoral lower back ornamentation dominated by the rough subparallel ridges and you may sulci, and seemingly few reticulating ridges and you may pits ( Fig. 5h).

The newest pectoral lower back ornamentation out-of P. hemioliopterus are dominated by reticulating ridges and you may pits ( Fig. 5i). Brand new pectoral spine of your Acre Phractocephalus is yet , unknown.

Etymology. The latest Urumaco types of Phractocephalus is called for Dr. Pedro Nass inside the detection out-of his efforts to the systematics and you may morphology out of pimelodid catfishes of South usa.

Dysfunction. Get a hold of Lundberg et al. (1988) to have dysfunction off neurocranium (MCN.USB 72-85 PB) and extra measurements. Another data is available with brand new holotype and you will recently received specimens.

Neurocranium, dorsal factor ( Fig. 3a). Classification version of skull approximately square, width across the lateral ethmoids comparable to thickness across sphenotics, and these widths quite lower than limitation width round the pterotic wings; depth around the pterotics consisted of dos.twenty five times within the (45% of) dorsal head duration out-of mesethmoid tip so you’re able to posterior edge of supraoccipital process. Surface primarily flat but margins curved some down and you can dorsal midline even more curved posteriorly. The skeleton ornamented that have coarse reticulating ridges and you can circular pits and you may specific longitudinally elongate ridges and you may grooves, except for olfactory products and you may extremities of mesethmoid cornua.